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On 11 February 2016, the LIGO and Virgo collaborations announced the first observation of gravitational waves. [47] [67] The signal, named GW150914, [67] [81] was recorded on 14 September 2015, just two days after Advanced LIGO started collecting data following the upgrade.
The Virgo Collaboration is part of the larger LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration, which gathers scientists from the other major gravitational-waves experiments to jointly analyse the data; this is crucial for gravitational-wave detection. [10] [11] LVK began in 2007 [5] as the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration, and was expanded when KAGRA joined in 2019.
LIGO has been involved in all subsequent detections to date, with Virgo joining in August 2017. [2] Joint observation runs of LIGO and VIRGO, designated "O1, O2, etc." span many months, with months of maintenance and upgrades in-between designed to increase the instruments sensitivity and range.
Additionally, Advanced Virgo, KAGRA, and a possible third LIGO detector in India will extend the network and significantly improve the position reconstruction and parameter estimation of sources. [3] Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a proposed space based observation mission to detect gravitational waves.
The KAGRA observatory's collaboration has joined the LIGO-Virgo collective, and the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collective is called "LVK". The LSC Spokesperson as of 2019 is Patrick Brady of University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. [5] The Executive Director of the LIGO Laboratory is David Reitze from the University of Florida.
Time–frequency representations (Chatterji et al. 2004) of data containing GW190814, observed by LIGO Hanford (top), LIGO Livingston (middle), and Virgo (bottom). Times are shown relative to 2019 August 14, 21:10:39 UTC. Each detector's data are whitened by their respective noise amplitude spectral density and a Q-transform is calculated.
The second generation upgrades were made during the early 2010s, lasting from 2010 to 2014 for LIGO and 2011 to 2017 for Virgo. In parallel, the KAGRA project was launched in Japan in 2010. In 2015, soon after restarting observations, the two LIGO detectors achieved the first direct observation of gravitational waves.
GW170814 was a gravitational wave signal from two merging black holes, detected by the LIGO and Virgo observatories on 14 August 2017. [1] On 27 September 2017, the LIGO and Virgo collaborations announced the observation of the signal, the fourth confirmed event after GW150914, GW151226 and GW170104. It was the first binary black hole merger ...