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X-rays of Daniel Jones' [i, u, a, ɑ]. Highest tongue positions of cardinal front and back vowels Diagram of relative highest points of tongue for cardinal vowels The "cardinal vowel quadrilateral", a more commonly seen schematic diagram of highest tongue positions of cardinal vowels
Jones thus arrived at a set of eight "primary Cardinal Vowels", and recorded these on gramophone disc for HMV in 1917. Later modifications to his theory allowed for an additional set of eight "secondary Cardinal Vowels" with reverse lip shapes, permitting the representation of eight secondary cardinal vowels (front rounded and back unrounded).
File:Daniel Jones's 18 Cardinal Vowels.svg. Add languages. ... English: An IPA style chart of Daniel Jones’s 8 primary and 10 secondary cardinal vowels, ...
Tongue positions of Daniel Jones' cardinal front vowels (adapted from Jones 1972: 32). Cardinal vowels #1 and #4 [i, a] were adapted by Jones from x-ray photographs of his mouth. Cardinal vowels #2 and #3 [e, ɛ] are approximate. The tongue positions were determined by placing a thin metal chain on Jones' tongue while saying the vowels and then ...
Tongue positions of Daniel Jones' cardinal back vowels (adapted from Jones 1972: 32). Cardinal vowels #5 and #8 [u, ɑ] were adapted by Jones from x-ray photographs of his mouth. Cardinal vowels #6 and #7 [o, ɔ] are approximate. The tongue positions were determined by placing a thin metal chain on Jones' tongue while saying the vowels and then ...
X-rays of Daniel Jones' [i, u, a, ɑ] The original vowel quadrilateral, from Jones' articulation. The vowel trapezoid of the modern IPA, and at the top of this article, is a simplified rendition of this diagram. The bullets are the cardinal vowel points. (A parallel diagram covers the front and central rounded and back unrounded vowels.)
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English: Cardinal vowels on a vowel chart. A more complex chart (File:Daniel Jones's 18 Cardinal Vowels.svg), made by LiliCharlie, is also available, as is a vowel chart that shows only the primary cardinal vowels (File:Primary cardinal vowels on a vowel chart.svg), which was created by Mr KEBAB.