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Significance ingratiation: ingratiation designed to cultivate respect and/or approval from a target individual, rather than an explicit reward. [1] Ingratiation has been confused with another social psychological term, Impression management. Impression management is defined as "the process by which people control the impressions others form of ...
It would be in the animal's best interest to maximize its benefits at the lowest cost. Thus, the currency in this situation could be defined as net energy gain per unit time. [ 2 ] However, for a different forager, the time it takes to digest the food after eating could be a more significant cost than the time and energy spent looking for food.
The concept of "reciprocal altruism", as introduced by Trivers, suggests that altruism, defined as an act of helping another individual while incurring some cost for this act, could have evolved since it might be beneficial to incur this cost if there is a chance of being in a reverse situation where the individual who was helped before may perform an altruistic act towards the individual who ...
A student using ingratiation (e.g., flattery) to ask for a raised grade [29] An individual doing someone a favor, hoping that the norm of reciprocity will influence that someone to lend a hand at a later date; A lawyer using ingratiation and their perceived authority to persuade a jury [30]
This is the null model for thinking about what would draw animals into groups to forage and how they would behave in the process. This model predicts that animals will make an instantaneous decision about where to forage based on the quality (prey availability) of the patches available at that time and will choose the most profitable patch, the ...
The solution of the hawk dove game explains why most animal contests involve only ritual fighting behaviours in contests rather than outright battles. The result does not at all depend on "good of the species" behaviours as suggested by Lorenz, but solely on the implication of actions of so-called selfish genes. [1]
For these simple interest loans, the interest is determined based on the principal amount instead of the principal and interest combined. Simple interest example. Say you take out a five-year loan ...
When the volatility and drift of the instantaneous forward rate are assumed to be deterministic, this is known as the Gaussian Heath–Jarrow–Morton (HJM) model of forward rates. [ 1 ] : 394 For direct modeling of simple forward rates the Brace–Gatarek–Musiela model represents an example.