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The Kermadec–Tonga subduction zone is a convergent plate boundary that stretches from the North Island of New Zealand northward. The formation of the Kermadec and Tonga plates started about 4–5 million years ago. Today, the eastern boundary of the Tonga plate is one of the fastest subduction zones, with a rate up to 24 cm/year (9.4 in/year ...
The geology of New Zealand is noted for its volcanic activity, earthquakes and geothermal areas because of its position on the boundary of the Australian Plate and Pacific Plates. New Zealand is part of Zealandia , a microcontinent nearly half the size of Australia that broke away from the Gondwanan supercontinent about 83 million years ago. [ 1 ]
The Motagua Fault, which crosses through Guatemala, is a transform boundary between the southern edge of the North American plate and the northern edge of the Caribbean plate. New Zealand's Alpine Fault is another active transform boundary. The Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault which runs through the Jordan River Valley in the Middle East.
Map of Earth's principal plates (convergent boundaries shown as blue or mauve lines) The collision between the Eurasian plate and the Indian plate that is forming the Himalayas. [22] [23] The collision between the Australian plate and the Pacific plate that formed the Southern Alps in New Zealand
Major active fault zones of New Zealand showing variation in displacement vector of Pacific plate relative to Australian plate along the boundary. The Marlborough fault system (also known as Marlborough tectonic domain [2]) is a set of four large dextral strike-slip faults and other related structures in the northern part of the South Island, New Zealand, which transfer displacement between ...
The resulting displacement by approximately 500 km (310 mi) along the Alpine Fault is evident in geological maps. [1] Movement along this plate boundary also has offset the New Caledonia Basin from its previous continuation through the Bounty Trough. [citation needed]
The Pacific plate sinks below the Australian plate and forms the Kermadec Trench and the island arcs of Tonga and Kermadec. New Zealand is situated along the southeastern boundary of the plate, which with New Caledonia makes up the southern and northern ends of the ancient landmass of Zealandia, which separated from Australia 85 million years ...
It is a result of the most linear, fastest converging, and seismically active subduction boundary on Earth, the Kermadec–Tonga subduction zone, and consequently has the highest density of submarine volcanoes. [1] The Tonga–Kermadec Ridge stretches more than 3,000 km (1,900 mi) north-northeast from New Zealand's North Island.
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