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Not only were the hadith collections compiled centuries after the Quran, but their canonization also came much later. Scholar Jonathan A. C. Brown has studied the process of canonization of the two "most famous" collections of hadith -- sahihayn of al-Bukhari and Muslim—which went from "controversial to indispensable" over the centuries. [4]
Hadith studies is the academic study of hadith, a literature typically thought in Islamic religion to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators.
Atharis or Ahl al-Hadith are those who adhere to the creed of Athari theology, [1] which originated in the 8th century CE from the Hanbali scholarly circles of Ahl al-Hadith. The name derives from "tradition" in its technical sense as a translation of the Arabic word "Athar". [ 2 ]
It is one of the oldest copies of Sahih Muslim. This copy has an Ijazah, leading to the author Muslim bin Hajjaj.While it has not been carbon dated yet, based on the notes on the margin it is evident that this copy was made before 486 AH (1093 CE) as one of the people that studied it is Abū Bakr Muhammad Bin Zahid al-Ṭūsī who died in the year 486 AH.
Throughout Islamic history, depictions of Muhammad in Islamic art were rare. [13] Even so, there exists a "notable corpus of images of Muhammad produced, mostly in the form of manuscript illustrations, in various regions of the Islamic world from the thirteenth century through modern times". [34]
Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī, better known as ʿAlī ʿIzz ad-Dīn Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī (Arabic: علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري; 1160–1233) was a Hadith expert, historian, and biographer who wrote in Arabic and was from the Ibn Athir family. [5]
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
Abu Nuʿaym al-Isfahani (أبـو نـعـيـم الأصـفـهـانـي; full name: Ahmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ahmad ibn Ishāq ibn Mūsā ibn Mahrān al-Mihrānī al-Asbahānī (or al-Asfahānī) al-Ahwal al-Ash`arī al-Shāfi`ī, died 1038 CE / AH 430) was a medieval Persian [4] [5] Shafi'i scholar and one of the leading hadith scholars of his time.