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Pope Gregory X (Latin: Gregorius X; c. 1210 – 10 January 1276), born Teobaldo Visconti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 September 1271 to his death and was a member of the Secular Franciscan Order.
Gregory IX: 1227–1241 Article: 4 10 Celestine IV: 1241 — 0 0 Innocent IV: 1243–1254 Article: 2 or 3 15 or 16 Alexander IV: 1254–1261 Article: 0 or 1 0 or 1 Urban IV: 1261–1264 Article: 2 14 Clement IV: 1265–1268 — 0 0 Gregory X: 1271–1276 Article: 1 5 Innocent V: 1276 — 0 0 Adrian V: 1276 — 0 0 John XXI: 1276–1277 — 0 0 ...
Apart from the lack of any documentary proof attesting the promotion of these individuals (in the case of Visconti even of his existence), the contemporary chronicler Salimbene explicitly says that the consistory of 1273 was the only single promotion of new cardinals in the pontificate of Gregory X, and mentions only five cardinals promoted at that time.
Arms of Innocent VIII (Giovanni Battista Cybo, 1484–1492) as shown in the contemporary Wernigerode Armorial.The coat of arms of the House of Cybo is here shown with the papal tiara and two keys argent in one of the earliest examples of these external ornaments of a papal coat of arms (Pope Nicholas V in 1447 was the first to adopt two silver keys as the charges of his adopted coat of arms).
Gregory II — therefore still less Gregory III — is not the original author of the compilation whereon he has left his mark by misunderstanding the principle which governed its original formation. The musical compilation known as the antiphonary is therefore not due to Gregory II, nor is it from him that it has become known as the Gregorian ...
The arms of the cross narrow towards the center, with slightly indented ends, approaching the form of the patonce cross. In the center of the cross is a small medal with the image of Leo XIII. The words "Leo XIII P. M. Anno X" (tenth year of his pontificate) circle the image. In the center of the reverse side are the papal emblems.
The blessed sword (Latin: ensis benedictus, Italian: stocco benedetto [1] or stocco pontificio [2]) and the blessed hat (also: ducal hat, [3] Latin: pileus or capellus, [4] Italian: berrettone pontificio [5] or berrettone ducale [6]) were a gift offered by popes to Catholic monarchs or other secular recipients in recognition of their defence of Christendom.
After the long deadlocked vacancy in the papal see after the death of Clement IV, when the see of Rome was vacant for three years, he was one of the six cardinals who finally elected Pope Gregory X "by compromise" (a technical procedure) on 1 September 1271 in a conclave held at Viterbo because conditions in Rome were too turbulent.