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  2. Frankfurt cases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_cases

    Frankfurt's examples involve agents who are intuitively responsible for their behavior even though they lack the freedom to act otherwise. Here is a typical case: [6] Suppose someone (Black, let us say) wants Jones to perform a certain action.

  3. Confirmation bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias

    The social process of peer review aims to mitigate the effect of individual scientists' biases, even though the peer review process itself may be susceptible to such biases [99] [100] [93] [101] [102] Confirmation bias may thus be especially harmful to objective evaluations regarding nonconforming results since biased individuals may regard ...

  4. Correlation does not imply causation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply...

    If in fact a negative correlation exists between abuse and academic performance, researchers could potentially use this knowledge of a statistical correlation to make predictions about children outside the study who experience abuse even though the study failed to provide causal evidence that abuse decreases academic performance. [19]

  5. Jury nullification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury_nullification

    The Trial of the Seven Bishops by John Rogers Herbert. Jury nullification, also known in the United Kingdom as jury equity, [1] [2] or a perverse verdict, [3] [4] is when the jury in a criminal trial gives a verdict of not guilty even though they think a defendant has broken the law.

  6. Highest and best use - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highest_and_best_use

    As the examples illustrate, even though the retail development results in the overall highest market value for the development, the residential development scenario results in the highest net return to the developer and this makes it the maximally productive use.

  7. Psychological egoism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_egoism

    Psychological egoism is the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest and selfishness, even in what seem to be acts of altruism.It claims that, when people choose to help others, they do so ultimately because of the personal benefits that they themselves expect to obtain, directly or indirectly, from doing so.

  8. Existence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existence

    Proposed examples of nonexistent objects are merely possible objects such as flying pigs, as well as fictional and mythical objects like Sherlock Holmes and Zeus. According to this view, these objects are real and have being, even though they do not exist. [88] Meinong states there is an object for any combination of properties.

  9. Almost surely - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almost_surely

    For example, the probability that the dart will hit the right half of the square is 0.5, since the right half has area 0.5. ... even though the set of points on the ...