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Urine drug testing is one of the most common testing methods used. The enzyme-multiplied immune test is the most frequently used urinalysis. Complaints have been made about the relatively high rates of false positives using this test. [18] Urine drug tests screen the urine for the presence of a parent drug or its metabolites.
Urinalysis, a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis, [1] is a panel of medical tests that includes physical (macroscopic) examination of the urine, chemical evaluation using urine test strips, and microscopic examination.
Urine organic acid analysis profile: The 3 prominent peaks on the left are from left to right: B-hydroxybutyrate, Acetoacetate (with TMS derivative 1), Acetoacetate 2nd peak (with TMS derivative 2). TMS = trimethylsilyl derivative reagent, PDA = pentadecanoic acid (internal standard).
Automatic analysis of urine test strips using automated urine test strip analysers is a well-established practice in modern-day urinalysis. They can measure calcium , blood, glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketones, leukocytes, creatinine , microalbumin , pH, ascorbic acid and protein.
A masking agent is a reagent used in chemical analysis which reacts with chemical species that may interfere in the analysis.. In sports a masking agent is used to hide or prevent detection of a banned substance or illegal drug like anabolic steroids or stimulants.
Catalytic oxoammonium oxidation may be facilitated using sodium hypochlorite as the terminal oxidant. The pH must be maintained below 10 using a buffer for the reaction to proceed. The active oxidizing agent of nitroxide is hypobromite anion; hence, potassium bromide is used as an additive. [3]
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system , and specimens are easy to obtain. [ 1 ]
Most of the organic acidemias result from defective autosomal genes for various enzymes important to amino acid metabolism.Neurological and physiological harm is caused by this impaired ability to synthesize a key enzyme required to break down a specific amino acid, or group of amino acids, resulting in acidemia and toxicity to specific organs systems.