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similar to a set, multiset, map, or multimap, respectively, but implemented using a hash table; keys are not ordered, but a hash function must exist for the key type. These types were left out of the C++ standard; similar containers were standardized in C++11, but with different names (unordered_set and unordered_map). Other types of containers ...
The usage of a function template saves space in the source code file in addition to limiting changes to one function description and making the code easier to read. An instantiated function template usually produces the same object code, though, compared to writing separate functions for all the different data types used in a specific program.
In computer science, a set is an abstract data type that can store unique values, without any particular order. It is a computer implementation of the mathematical concept of a finite set. Unlike most other collection types, rather than retrieving a specific element from a set, one typically tests a value for membership in a set.
The C++ Standard Library provides several generic containers, functions to use and manipulate these containers, function objects, generic strings and streams (including interactive and file I/O), support for some language features, and functions for common tasks such as finding the square root of a number.
If the data structure is instead viewed as a partition of a set, then the MakeSet operation enlarges the set by adding the new element, and it extends the existing partition by putting the new element into a new subset containing only the new element. In a disjoint-set forest, MakeSet initializes the node's parent pointer and the node's size or ...
Machine code is the form in which code that can be directly executed is stored on a computer. It consists of machine language instructions, stored in memory, that perform operations such as moving values in and out of memory locations, arithmetic and Boolean logic, and testing values and, based on the test, either executing the next instruction in memory or executing an instruction at another ...
Source code that does bit manipulation makes use of the bitwise operations: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, and possibly other operations analogous to the boolean operators; there are also bit shifts and operations to count ones and zeros, find high and low one or zero, set, reset and test bits, extract and insert fields, mask and zero fields, gather and ...
If x = m, add it to the set of c copies of m (and increment c). If x ≠ m and c > 0, then remove one of the c copies of m from the left-over set and pair it with the final value (and decrement c). If c = 0, then set m ← x and add x to the (previously empty) set of copies of m (and set c to 1). In all cases, the loop invariant is maintained. [1]