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The types Windows, Pixmap, Font, Colormap, etc. are all identifiers, which are 32-bit integers (just as in the X11 protocol itself). A client 'creates' a window by requesting that the server create a window. This is done via a call to an Xlib function that returns an identifier for the window, that is, a number.
The low-level library Xlib is the client-side implementation of the X11 protocol.It communicates with an X server, but does not provide any function for implementing graphical control elements ("widgets"), such as buttons or menus.
For example, a resource can specify that the background of every component of the xmail program must be red: xmail*background: red. However, when a program (e.g., the xmail program itself, when it wants to find out which background color to use) accesses the resource database via Xlib functions, it can only request the value of a specific resource.
Xlib/XCB uses the protocol layer of Xlib, but replaces the Xlib transport layer with XCB, and provides access to the underlying XCB connection for direct use of XCB. Xlib/XCB allows an application to open a single connection to the X display server and use both XCB and Xlib, possibly through a mixture of libraries designed for one or the other.
The term window is also used for windows that lie within another window, that is, the subwindows of a parent window. Graphical elements such as buttons, menus, icons, etc. are all realized using windows. A window can only be created as a subwindow of a parent window. This causes the windows to be arranged hierarchically in a tree.
Cairo supports output (including rasterisation) to a number of different back-ends, known as "surfaces" in its code.Back-ends support includes output to the X Window System, via both Xlib and XCB, Win32 GDI, OS X Quartz Compositor, the BeOS API, OS/2, OpenGL contexts (directly [7] and via glitz), local image buffers, PNG files, PDF, PostScript, DirectFB and SVG files.
XForms is a GUI toolkit based on Xlib for the X Window System.It features a rich set of objects, such as buttons, scrollbars, and menus etc. In addition, the library is extensible and new objects can easily be created and added to the library.
Tgif saves drawings in a Prolog-based [2] plain text file format. Because the program is based on Prolog, [citation needed] there isn't a lot of support from other programs for reading the Tgif file format. Fonts are represented as PostScript font names. Originally, it was possible to print Tgif drawings in batch mode without using an X display ...