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Acetylcholine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of alpha-motor neurons. [3] The somatic nervous system controls all voluntary muscular systems within the body, and the process of voluntary reflex arcs. [10] The basic route of nerve signals within the efferent somatic nervous system involves a sequence that begins in the upper cell ...
Motor neurons innervating the same twitch muscle fibers are thought to maintain synchronous activity which allows both neurons to remain in contact with the muscle fiber in adulthood. [37] In the cortex, early waves of activity have been observed in the cerebellum and cortical slices. [63]
A motor neuron (or motoneuron or efferent neuron [1]) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon (fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands. [2]
The general (spinal) somatic efferent neurons (GSE, somatomotor, or somatic motor fibers) arise from motor neuron cell bodies in the ventral horns of the gray matter within the spinal cord. They exit the spinal cord through the ventral roots , carrying motor impulses to skeletal muscle through a neuromuscular junction .
The central nervous system is responsible for the orderly recruitment of motor neurons, beginning with the smallest motor units. [4] Henneman's size principle indicates that motor units are recruited from smallest to largest based on the size of the load. For smaller loads requiring less force, slow twitch, low-force, fatigue-resistant muscle ...
Upper motor neurons (UMNs) is a term introduced by William Gowers in 1886. They are found in the cerebral cortex and brainstem and carry information down to activate interneurons and lower motor neurons, which in turn directly signal muscles to contract or relax. UMNs represent the major origin point for voluntary somatic movement.
The development of the nervous system in humans, or neural development, or neurodevelopment involves the studies of embryology, developmental biology, and neuroscience.These describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the complex nervous system forms in humans, develops during prenatal development, and continues to develop postnatally.
Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles. While their cell bodies are found in the central nervous system (CNS), α motor neurons are also considered part of the somatic nervous system —a branch of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)—because their axons extend ...