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In number theory, Ramanujan's sum, usually denoted c q (n), is a function of two positive integer variables q and n defined by the formula = (,) =,where (a, q) = 1 means that a only takes on values coprime to q.
Ramanujan summation is a technique invented by the mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan for assigning a value to divergent infinite series.Although the Ramanujan summation of a divergent series is not a sum in the traditional sense, it has properties that make it mathematically useful in the study of divergent infinite series, for which conventional summation is undefined.
The infinite series whose terms are the natural numbers 1 + 2 + 3 ... The nth partial sum is given by a simple formula: ... The Ramanujan sum of 1 + 2 + 3 ...
1729 is the natural number following 1728 and preceding 1730. It is the first nontrivial taxicab number, expressed as the sum of two cubic numbers in two different ways. It is known as the Ramanujan number or Hardy–Ramanujan number after G. H. Hardy and Srinivasa Ramanujan.
The first terms of the series sum to approximately +, where is the natural logarithm and is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. Because the logarithm has arbitrarily large values, the harmonic series does not have a finite limit: it is a divergent series .
The function q(n) gives the number of these strict partitions of the given sum n. For example, q(3) = 2 because the partitions 3 and 1 + 2 are strict, while the third partition 1 + 1 + 1 of 3 has repeated parts. The number q(n) is also equal to the number of partitions of n in which only odd summands are permitted. [20]
In mathematics, the nth taxicab number, typically denoted Ta(n) or Taxicab(n), is defined as the smallest integer that can be expressed as a sum of two positive integer cubes in n distinct ways. [1] The most famous taxicab number is 1729 = Ta(2) = 1 3 + 12 3 = 9 3 + 10 3 , also known as the Hardy-Ramanujan number.
It is used to prove Kronecker's lemma, which in turn, is used to prove a version of the strong law of large numbers under variance constraints. It may be used to prove Nicomachus's theorem that the sum of the first n {\displaystyle n} cubes equals the square of the sum of the first n {\displaystyle n} positive integers.