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In computing, a here document (here-document, here-text, heredoc, hereis, here-string or here-script) is a file literal or input stream literal: it is a section of a source code file that is treated as if it were a separate file.
Expect is an extension to the Tcl scripting language written by Don Libes. [2] The program automates interactions with programs that expose a text terminal interface. Expect, originally written in 1990 for the Unix platform, has since become available for Microsoft Windows and other systems.
Since 7 October 2024, Python 3.13 is the latest stable release, and it and, for few more months, 3.12 are the only releases with active support including for bug fixes (as opposed to just for security) and Python 3.9, [55] is the oldest supported version of Python (albeit in the 'security support' phase), due to Python 3.8 reaching end-of-life.
Example usage of tee: The output of ls -l is redirected to tee which copies them to the file file.txt and to the pager less. The name tee comes from this scheme - it looks like the capital letter T. The tee command is normally used to split the output of a program so that it can be both displayed and saved in a file. The command can be used to ...
There are many variants of Unix shell: Bourne shell sh. Almquist shell (ash) Debian Almquist shell (dash) Bash (Unix shell) bash; KornShell ksh. Z shell zsh; C shell csh. TENEX C shell tcsh; Ch shell ch; Emacs shell eshell; Friendly interactive shell fish; PowerShell pwsh; rc shell rc, a shell for Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Unix; Stand-alone ...
Standard input is a stream from which a program reads its input data. The program requests data transfers by use of the read operation. Not all programs require stream input. For example, the dir and ls programs (which display file names contained in a directory) may take command-line arguments, but perform their operations without any stream ...
Editing a FreeBSD shell script for configuring ipfirewall. A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. [1] The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to be command languages. Typical operations performed by shell scripts include file manipulation, program execution, and printing ...
Shell functions, and; Shell built-in commands; Commands external to the shell: Separate UNIX-style programs such as ls or ln, and; Shell scripts, which are files containing executable commands. (Shell scripts do not require compilation before execution and, when certain requirements are met, can be invoked as commands by using their filename.)