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The first real standard design came in 1859 with the First National Standard box. [7] These were also cast in two sizes for the first time to allow for heavier usage in big metropolitan areas. A number have survived across the UK, including Aberdeen , Brighton , Stoke , Worthing , London, World's End Hambledon , Bristol , Congresbury , and ...
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member .
Free design of the ground plan – commonly considered the focal point of the Five Points, with its construction dictating new architectural frameworks. [4] The absence of load-bearing partition walls affords greater flexibility in design and use of living spaces; the house is unrestrained in its internal use.
The horizontal elements are called by a variety of names including lintel, header, architrave or beam, and the supporting vertical elements may be called posts, columns, or pillars. The use of wider elements at the top of the post, called capitals, to help spread the load, is common to many architectural traditions.
An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture.Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to assist a building ...
Pillarboxing is derived from its resemblance to pillar box–style mailboxes used in the UK and the Commonwealth of Nations. The four-direction equivalent is called windowboxing , caused when programming is both letterboxed and pillarboxed.
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Minoan and Mycenaean architecture used both, but Greek and Roman architecture used the concave style almost exclusively. [3] Fluting was very common in formal ancient Greek architecture, and compulsory in the Greek Doric order. It was optional for the Ionic and Corinthian orders. In Roman architecture it was used a good deal less, and ...