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In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. [1] Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the world. [2] [3]
It has been used as an input for testing theories explaining the distribution of income, for example human capital theory and the theory of economic discrimination (Becker, 1993, 1971). In welfare economics , a level of feasible output possibilities is commonly distinguished from the distribution of income for those output possibilities.
Income distribution has always been a central concern of economic theory and economic policy. Classical economists such as Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo were mainly concerned with factor income distribution, that is, the distribution of income between the main factors of production, land, labour and capital.
A practical example of a Lorenz curve: the Lorenz curves of Denmark, Hungary, and Namibia. A Lorenz curve always starts at (0,0) and ends at (1,1). The Lorenz curve is not defined if the mean of the probability distribution is zero or infinite. The Lorenz curve for a probability distribution is a continuous function. However, Lorenz curves ...
The x axis of the graph shows the percentiles of the global income distribution. The y axis shows the cumulative growth rate percentage of income. [1] The main conclusion that can be drawn from the graph is that the global top 1% experienced around a 60% increase in income, whereas the income of the global middle increased 70 to 80%.
In economics, the wage share or labor share is the part of national income, or the income of a particular economic sector, allocated to wages . It is related to the capital or profit share, the part of income going to capital, [1] which is also known as the K–Y ratio. [2] The labor share is a key indicator for the distribution of income. [3]
The circular flow of income is a concept for better understanding of the economy as a whole and for example the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs). In its most basic form it considers a simple economy consisting solely of businesses and individuals, and can be represented in a so-called "circular flow diagram."
Until A Theory of Consumption Function, the Keynesian absolute income hypothesis and interpretation of the consumption function were the most advanced and sophisticated. [2] [3] In its post-war synthesis, the Keynesian perspective was responsible for pioneering many innovations in recession management, economic history, and macroeconomics.