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Phenacyl bromide is the organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 C(O)CH 2 Br. This colourless solid is a powerful lachrymator as well as a useful precursor to other organic compounds. It is prepared by bromination of acetophenone: [2] C 6 H 5 C(O)CH 3 + Br 2 → C 6 H 5 C(O)CH 2 Br + HBr. The compound was first reported in 1871. [3]
In organic chemistry, a phenacyl group is an aromatic substituent that consists of a phenyl group attached to an acyl group. A molecule containing a phenacyl group has the formula RCH 2 (CO)C 6 H 5 and the structure shown to the right. Here, R denotes the remainder of the molecule; for instance, if R is Br, then the compound could be called ...
Tear gas in use in France 2007 Exploded tear gas canister in the air in Greece. Tear gas, also known as a lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (from Latin lacrima 'tear'), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial self-defense spray, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears.
Illustrative is the preparation of isopropyl thiocyanate by treatment of isopropyl bromide with sodium thiocyanate in boiling ethanol. [5] The main complication with this route is the competing formation of alkyisothiocyanates. "SN1-type" substrates (e.g., benzyl halides) tend to give the isothiocyanate derivatives.
NBS is commercially available. It can also be synthesized in the laboratory. To do so, sodium hydroxide and bromine are added to an ice-water solution of succinimide. The NBS product precipitates and can be collected by filtration. [1] Crude NBS gives better yield in the Wohl–Ziegler reaction. In other cases, impure NBS (slightly yellow in ...
[citation needed] More modern treatments explain the tight P–O bond as a combination of lone pair transfer from the phosphorus to the oxygen atom and a dative π back-bond that produces an effective [P +]-[O −] configuration. [7] Phosphoryl chloride exists as neutral POCl 3 molecules in the solid, liquid and gas states.
Thorium(IV) bromide exists in low-temperature α-type and high-temperature β-type. They are both white deliquescent solids and are easily soluble in water, ethanol and ethyl acetate. It reacts with fluorine gas under standard conditions and with chlorine or oxygen when heated. The beta form of thorium bromide is metastable at room temperature ...
Cyanogen is typically generated from cyanide compounds. One laboratory method entails thermal decomposition of mercuric cyanide: . 2 Hg(CN) 2 → (CN) 2 + Hg 2 (CN) 2 Or, one can combine solutions of copper(II) salts (such as copper(II) sulfate) with cyanides; an unstable copper(II) cyanide is formed which rapidly decomposes into copper(I) cyanide and cyanogen.