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The marginal cost can also be calculated by finding the derivative of total cost or variable cost. Either of these derivatives work because the total cost includes variable cost and fixed cost, but fixed cost is a constant with a derivative of 0. The total cost of producing a specific level of output is the cost of all the factors of production.
For discrete calculation without calculus, marginal cost equals the change in total (or variable) cost that comes with each additional unit produced. Since fixed cost does not change in the short run, it has no effect on marginal cost. For instance, suppose the total cost of making 1 shoe is $30 and the total cost of making 2 shoes is $40.
Variable cost: Variable costs are the costs paid to the variable input. Inputs include labor, capital, materials, power and land and buildings. Variable inputs are inputs whose use vary with output. Conventionally the variable input is assumed to be labor. [5] Total variable cost (TVC) is the same as variable costs. [5]
Average variable cost plus average fixed cost equals average total cost (ATC): + =. A firm would choose to shut down if the price of its output is below average variable cost at the profit-maximizing level of output (or, more generally if it sells at multiple prices, its average revenue is less than AVC).
At a level of Q at which the MC curve is above the average total cost or average variable cost curve, the latter curve is rising. [10]: 212 If MC is below average total cost or average variable cost, then the latter curve is falling. If MC equals average total cost, then average total cost is at its minimum value. If MC equals average variable ...
The more variable costs used to increase production (and hence more total costs since TC=FC+VC), the more output generated. Marginal costs are the cost of producing one more unit of output. It is an increasing function due to the law of diminishing returns , which explains that is it more costly (in terms of labour and equipment) to produce ...
If the firm knows average total cost and average variable cost, it is possible to find the same result as Example 1. Because average total cost is average variable cost plus average fixed cost, average fixed cost is average total cost minus average variable cost. [2] If producing 5 shirts generates an average total cost of 11 dollars and ...
Assume that a firm's total cost function is TC = Q 3-5Q 2 +60Q +125. Then its variable cost function is Q 3 –5Q 2 +60Q, and its average variable cost function is (Q 3 –5Q 2 +60Q)/Q= Q 2 –5Q + 60. The slope of the average variable cost curve is the derivative of the latter, namely 2Q – 5.