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The Gelae (Ancient Greek: Γῆλαι, [1] Γέλαι, [2] or Γέλοι, [3] Gélai or Géloi ), or Gelians, were a Scythian tribe mentioned by Strabo and other ancient writers as living on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. The name of the province Gilan might possibly be derived from the Gelae.
The Scythians (/ ˈ s ɪ θ i ə n / or / ˈ s ɪ ð i ə n /) or Scyths (/ ˈ s ɪ θ /, but note Scytho-(/ ˈ s aɪ θ ʊ /) in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, [7] [8] were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC from Central Asia to the ...
The Scythian genealogical myth was an epic cycle of the Scythian religion detailing the origin of the Scythians.This myth held an important position in the worldview of Scythian society, and was popular among both the Scythians of the northern Pontic region and the Greeks who had colonised the northern shores of the Pontus Euxinus.
Gilan initially remained independent under the Mongol Ilkhanids. In 1306-7 the Il-khan Oljāytū started a major campaign to conquer Gilan. The Mongol forces faced heavy losses, and Öljaitü only nominally gained recognition of his overlordship. Hence Gilan was included in the Il-khanid empire but was still ruled by its local clans.
Like the Agathyrsi, the Gelonians lived outside of Scythia and were independent of the Scythian kingdom. [3] According to Herodotus, Geloni (Γελωνοὶ) were originally Greeks who settle among the Budini and their language evolved into half Greek and half Scythian. Their temples were of Greek style and they worshipped Greek gods among others.
The names of the Scythians are a topic of interest for classicists and linguists. The Scythians were an Iranic people best known for dominating much of the Pontic steppe from about 700 BC to 400 BC. The name of the Scythians is believed to be of Indo-European origin and to have meant "archer". The Scythians gave their name to the region of Scythia.
The Scythian genealogical myth was a myth of the Scythian religion detailing the origin of the Scythians. This myth held an important position in the worldview of Scythian society, and was popular among both the Scythians of the northern Pontic region and the Greeks who had colonised the northern shores of the Pontus Euxinus. [64]
Derived from an Iranian verbal root sak-, "go, roam" (related to "seek") and thus meaning "nomad" was the term Sakā, from which came the names: Old Persian: 𐎿𐎣𐎠 Sakā, used by the ancient Persians to designate all nomads of the Eurasian steppe, including the Pontic Scythians [25] Ancient Greek: Σάκαι Sákai; Latin: Sacae