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The 4Kscore test takes into account four different prostate-specific biomarkers, namely, total PSA, free PSA, intact PSA, and human kallikrein 2, as well as the patient’s age, prior biopsy history, and DRE status to assess the risk of aggressive prostate cancer in someone with an abnormal screening result.
The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is at least 10 but less than 20 and the Grade Group is 1; OR cancer is found in more than one-half of one side of the prostate or in both sides of the prostate.
Learn about prostate changes and symptoms that are not cancer, plus risk factors and treatment for prostatitis, enlarged prostate (BPH), prostate cancer. Talk with your doctor about prostate cancer screening tests (DRE, PSA).
A tumor marker is anything present in or produced by cancer cells or other cells of the body in response to cancer or certain benign (noncancerous) conditions that provides information about a cancer, such as how aggressive it is, what kind of treatment it may respond to, or whether it is responding to treatment.
In up to half of people with castration-sensitive localized prostate cancer who previously had surgery or radiation to eliminate the tumor, their PSA levels start to creep up, sometimes rapidly, within 10 years.
The Decipher test was developed to address the need for a reliable biomarker, and retrospective studies that looked back in time have shown that it does indeed outperform standard markers like PSA level. The test looks at the activity of 22 genes in prostate tumors and calculates a score from 0 to 1.
Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man’s blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis.
Prostate cancer treatment can include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and supportive care. Get detailed treatment information for newly diagnosed and recurrent prostate cancer in this summary for clinicians.
Researchers looked at whether a PSA velocity above the 0.35 ng/ml per year threshold—when added to a standard risk model that includes age, PSA level, DRE result, family history of prostate cancer, and history of a prior prostate biopsy—improved the model’s predictive accuracy.
Prostate cancer prevention approaches include avoiding risk factors when possible, increasing protective factors, and chemoprevention. Learn more about prostate cancer prevention in this expert-reviewed summary.