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The portion of the pleura seen as the outer layer covers the chest wall, the diaphragm and the mediastinum and is often also misleadingly called the parietal pleura. A correct anatomical nomenclature refrains from using the ambiguous terms visceral and parietal in favour of a 4-portion system based on the structures the pleura covers: pulmonary ...
It is located at the acutely angled junction ("reflection") between the costal and diaphragmatic parietal pleurae, and is interpreted two-dimensionally on plain X-rays as the costophrenic angle. It measures approximately 5 cm (2.0 in) vertically and extends from the eighth to the tenth rib along the mid-axillary line.
The pleural cavity, or pleural space (or sometimes intrapleural space), is the potential space between the pleurae of the pleural sac that surrounds each lung. A small amount of serous pleural fluid is maintained in the pleural cavity to enable lubrication between the membranes , and also to create a pressure gradient .
Litten's sign, also known as the diaphragm phenomenon, [1] is a paralyzed hemidiaphragm, the portion of the diaphragm in contact with the parietal pleura during respiration in the base of the pleural cavity.
A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung.Under normal conditions, pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal pleural capillaries at a rate of 0.6 millilitre per kilogram weight per hour, and is cleared by lymphatic absorption leaving behind only 5–15 millilitres of fluid, which helps to maintain a functional ...
The lumbocostal triangle (also Bochdalek's foramen, Bochdalek's triangle) is a space between the costal and lumbar parts of the diaphragm.The base of this triangular space is formed by muscle attachments originating from the XII rib and muscle fibers attaching to the lateral arcuate ligament.
The pleura is the serous membrane that surrounds the lungs in the pleural cavity; The peritoneum is the serous membrane that surrounds several organs in the abdominopelvic cavity. The tunica vaginalis is the serous membrane, which surrounds the male gonad, the testis. The two layers of serous membranes are named parietal and visceral.
On radiological studies, pleural plaques are visualized using conventional chest x-rays and computed tomography scans (CT scans). The locations of the lesions are mostly in the parietal pleura of the lungs, especially in the posterior/lateral regions of the thorax, diaphragmatic domes, and lung fissures.