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[1] [2] In physical and analytical chemistry, infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) is a technique used to identify chemical compounds based on the way infrared radiation is absorbed by the compound. The absorptions in this range do not apply only to bonds in organic molecules.
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms. This attraction may be seen as the result of different behaviors of the outermost or valence electrons of atoms. These behaviors merge into each other seamlessly in various circumstances, so that there is no clear line to be drawn between them.
A list of chemical analysis methods with acronyms. A. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) ...
The different isotopes in a particular species may exhibit different fine details in infrared spectroscopy. For example, the O–O stretching frequency (in reciprocal centimeters) of oxy hemocyanin is experimentally determined to be 832 and 788 cm −1 for ν( 16 O– 16 O) and ν( 18 O– 18 O), respectively.
Raman spectroscopy is used in chemistry to identify molecules and study chemical bonding and intramolecular bonds. Because vibrational frequencies are specific to a molecule's chemical bonds and symmetry (the fingerprint region of organic molecules is in the wavenumber range 500–1,500 cm −1), [20] Raman provides a fingerprint to identify ...
This allows the distribution of different chemical species within the sample to be seen [citation needed]. This technique has been applied in various biological applications including the analysis of tissue sections as an alternative to conventional histopathology , [ citation needed ] examining the homogeneity of pharmaceutical tablets ...
The first instrumental analysis was flame emissive spectrometry developed by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff who discovered rubidium (Rb) and caesium (Cs) in 1860. [4] Most of the major developments in analytical chemistry took place after 1900. During this period, instrumental analysis became progressively dominant in the field.
A compound can be converted to a different chemical composition by interaction with a second chemical compound via a chemical reaction. In this process, bonds between atoms are broken in both of the interacting compounds, and then bonds are reformed so that new associations are made between atoms.