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A right triangle or right-angled triangle, sometimes called an orthogonal triangle or rectangular triangle, is a triangle in which two sides are perpendicular, forming a right angle (1 ⁄ 4 turn or 90 degrees). The side opposite to the right angle is called the hypotenuse (side in the figure).
A right triangle with the hypotenuse c. In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is the side that is opposite the right angle, while the other two sides are called the catheti or legs. [7] The length of the hypotenuse can be calculated using the square root function implied by the Pythagorean theorem.
Let ABC be a triangle with side lengths a, b, and c, with a 2 + b 2 = c 2. Construct a second triangle with sides of length a and b containing a right angle. By the Pythagorean theorem, it follows that the hypotenuse of this triangle has length c = √ a 2 + b 2, the same as the hypotenuse of the first triangle.
For example, a right triangle may have angles that form simple relationships, such as 45°–45°–90°. This is called an "angle-based" right triangle. A "side-based" right triangle is one in which the lengths of the sides form ratios of whole numbers, such as 3 : 4 : 5, or of other special numbers such as the golden ratio.
In trigonometry, the law of sines, sine law, sine formula, or sine rule is an equation relating the lengths of the sides of any triangle to the sines of its angles. According to the law, = = =, where a, b, and c are the lengths of the sides of a triangle, and α, β, and γ are the opposite angles (see figure 2), while R is the radius of the triangle's circumcircle.
Consider a triangle with sides of length a, b, c, where θ is the measurement of the angle opposite the side of length c. This triangle can be placed on the Cartesian coordinate system with side a aligned along the x axis and angle θ placed at the origin, by plotting the components of the 3 points of the triangle as shown in Fig. 4:
Triangles have many types based on the length of the sides and the angles. A triangle whose sides are all the same length is an equilateral triangle, [3] a triangle with two sides having the same length is an isosceles triangle, [4] [a] and a triangle with three different-length sides is a scalene triangle. [7]
Two sides and an angle not included between them (SSA), if the side length adjacent to the angle is shorter than the other side length. A side and the two angles adjacent to it (ASA) A side, the angle opposite to it and an angle adjacent to it (AAS). For all cases in the plane, at least one of the side lengths must be specified. If only the ...