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The difference between the safety factor and design factor (design safety factor) is as follows: The safety factor, or yield stress, is how much the designed part actually will be able to withstand (first usage from above). The design factor, or working stress, is what the item is required to be able to withstand (second usage).
Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD), a Limit States Design implementation, and; Allowable Strength Design (ASD), a method where the nominal strength is divided by a safety factor to determine the allowable strength. This allowable strength is required to equal or exceed the required strength for a set of ASD load combinations.
The safety factor applied to the load will typically ensure that in 95% of times the actual load will be smaller than the design load, while the factor applied to the strength ensures that 95% of times the actual strength will be higher than the design strength. The safety factors for material strength vary depending on the material and the use ...
The design factor, or working stress, is what the item is required to be able to withstand (second "use"). "The safety factor, or yield stress" seems to say that safety factor = yield stress, but safety factor is unitless while yield stress is force/area. A similar argument exists for "The design factor, or working stress".
For example, a crane with a design load of 20 tons is designed to be able to lift loads that weigh 20 tons or less. However, when a failure could be catastrophic, such as a crane dropping its load or collapsing entirely, a factor of safety is necessary. As a result, the crane should lift about 2 to 5 tons at the most.
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The factor of safety on ultimate tensile strength is to prevent sudden fracture and collapse, which would result in greater economic loss and possible loss of life. An aircraft wing might be designed with a factor of safety of 1.25 on the yield strength of the wing and a factor of safety of 1.5 on its ultimate strength.
The original factors have the name of the factor embedded in research, such as “high minus low,” showing that it was long one characteristic and short another to become neutral to the market ...