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Literacy has been improving in Saudi Arabia since the 1970s, the female literacy rate in 2017 for women ages 15–24 was 99.3%, equivalent to the male literacy rate of 99.3%. [134] Western ideals have had an influence over education in Muslim countries due to the increased demand of literacy in males and females. [ 135 ]
In Islamic belief, obtaining knowledge is the only way to gain true understanding of life, and as such, both men and women are encouraged to study. [1] [2] Saudi Arabia is one of the G20 Economies [3] and has a $1 Trillion GDP. [4] In 2016, it launched one of the most significant programs globally - Vision 2030. [5]
Leila Ahmed (Arabic: لیلى أحمد; born 29 May 1940) [1] is an Egyptian-American scholar of women's studies and religion. [2] In 1992 she published her book Women and Gender in Islam, which is regarded as a pioneering historical analysis of the position of women in Arab Muslim societies.
Al-Wafa bi Asma al-Nisa (Arabic: الوفاء بأسماء النساء, romanized: al-wafāʿ bi-ʿasmāʿ an-nisāʿ, lit. 'Loyalty with the Names of Women') is a 43-volume Arabic biographical compendium that documents the lives of women who participated in the narration of hadiths or played crucial roles in their dissemination.
In fact, the quality of female education is more closely related to economic factors than religious factors. [42] Although the gender gap in education is real, it has been continuing to shrink in recent years. [43] Women in all religious groups have made much larger educational gains comparatively in recent generations than men. [39]
Iranian female education went from a 46 percent literacy rate, to 83 percent. Iran ranked 10th in terms of female literacy in the 1970s, and still holds this position. [ 54 ] The Hijab became compulsory as well as modesty requirements; loose-fitting clothing as well as a Rusari (headscarf) that covers all the hair.
Women in oil-rich Gulf countries have made some of the biggest educational leaps in recent decades. Compared to women in oil-rich Saudi Arabia, young Muslim women in Mali have shown significantly fewer years of schooling. [83] In Arab countries, the first modern schools were opened in Egypt (1829), Lebanon (1835) and Iraq (1898). [84]
The culture of education for women was established by the time of the revolution so that even after the revolution, large numbers of women entered civil service and higher education, [24] and, in 1996, 14 women were elected to the Islamic Consultative Assembly.