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Stem-loops occur in pre-microRNA structures and most famously in transfer RNA, which contain three true stem-loops and one stem that meet in a cloverleaf pattern.The anticodon that recognizes a codon during the translation process is located on one of the unpaired loops in the tRNA.
The two RNA loops interact through stacking interactions and through hydrogen bonding (interacting bases shown in space-filling representation). [1] In genetics, a kissing stem-loop, or kissing stem loop interaction, is formed in ribonucleic acid (RNA) when two bases between two hairpin loops pair. These intra- and intermolecular kissing ...
The structure of the RNA stem-loop that facilitates intrinsic termination. Intrinsic, or rho-independent termination, is a process to signal the end of transcription and release the newly constructed RNA molecule. In bacteria such as E. coli, transcription is terminated either by a rho-dependent process or rho-independent process.
MS2 tagging is a technique based upon the natural interaction of the MS2 bacteriophage coat protein with a stem-loop structure from the phage genome, [1] which is used for biochemical purification of RNA-protein complexes and partnered to GFP for detection of RNA in living cells. [2]
The D loop is a 4- to 6-bp stem ending in a loop that often contains dihydrouridine. [6] The anticodon loop is a 5-bp stem whose loop contains the anticodon. [6] The TΨC loop is named so because of the characteristic presence of the unusual base Ψ in the loop, where Ψ is pseudouridine, a modified uridine.
The stem-loop structure (also often referred to as an "hairpin"), in which a base-paired helix ends in a short unpaired loop, is extremely common and is a building block for larger structural motifs such as cloverleaf structures, which are four-helix junctions such as those found in transfer RNA. Internal loops (a short series of unpaired bases ...
The histone 3′ UTR stem-loop is an RNA element involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of the histone mRNAs, and in the regulation of stability and of translation efficiency in the cytoplasm.
In humans, the U1 spliceosomal RNA is 164 bases long, forms four stem-loops, and possesses a 5'-trimethylguanosine five-prime cap.Bases 3 to 10 are a conserved sequence that base-pairs with the 5' splice site of introns during RNA splicing, and bases 126 to 133 form the Sm site, around which the Sm ring is assembled.