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The vertical plane is used to plot an antenna's relative field strength perpendicular to the ground (which directly affects a station's coverage area) on a polar graph. Normally, the maximum of 1.000 or 0 dB is at the side (unless there is beam tilt), which is labeled 0°, to 90° at the top and −90° at the bottom.
The vertical monopole is an omnidirectional antenna with a low gain of 2 - 5 dBi, and radiates most of its power in horizontal directions or low elevation angles. Common types of monopole antenna are the whip, rubber ducky, umbrella, inverted-L and T-antenna, inverted-F, folded unipole antenna, mast radiator, and ground plane antennas.
Large vertical monopole antennas are used for broadcasting in the lower half of the HF band, and all of the MF, LF, and VLF bands. Small monopoles ("whips") are used as compact, but low-gain antennas on portable radios in the HF, VHF, and UHF bands. Whip
For example, using the F layer during the night, to best reach a receiver 500 miles away, an antenna should be chosen that has a strong lobe at 40 degrees elevation. One can also see that for the longest distances, a lobe at low angles (below 10 degrees) is best. For NVIS, angles above 45 degrees are optimum.
Although the radiation of an omnidirectional antenna is symmetrical in azimuthal directions, it may vary in a complicated way with elevation angle, having lobes and nulls at different angles. The most common omnidirectional antenna designs are the monopole antenna , consisting of a vertical rod conductor mounted over a conducting ground plane ...
The cone: The length of the cone should be a quarter wavelength of the antenna's lowest operating frequency. [2] The cone angle is generally from 25 to 40 degrees. The insulator: The disc and cone must be separated by an insulator, the dimensions of which determine some of the antenna's properties, especially on near its high frequency limit.
The G5RV antenna is a dipole antenna fed indirectly, through a carefully chosen length of 300 Ω or 450 Ω twin lead, which acts as an impedance matching network to connect (through a balun) to a standard 50 Ω coaxial transmission line. The sloper antenna is a slanted vertical dipole antenna attached to the top of a single tower. The element ...
The HB9XBG antenna is a vertical dipole antenna for short wave radio amateurs. It was developed by the Swiss radio amateur Walter Kägi, whose call sign HB9XBG is also the designation of the antenna. [1] During the test phase in 2020, HB9XBG built two vertical dipoles – one for the 20-metre amateur radio band and another for the 40-metre band.
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