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  2. Photo 51 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_51

    Photo 51 is an X-ray based fiber diffraction image of a paracrystalline gel composed of DNA fiber [1] taken by Raymond Gosling, [2] [3] a postgraduate student working under the supervision of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin at King's College London, while working in Sir John Randall's group.

  3. Backscatter X-ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backscatter_X-ray

    A linear dose-response relationship has been observed between x-ray dose and double-strand breaks in DNA in human sperm. [56] Extrapolations of cancer risk from minuscule exposures to radiation across large populations, however, are not supported by analysis by the National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP). On May 26, 2010, NCRP issued a ...

  4. Radiation-induced cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation-induced_cancer

    Radiation hormesis is the conjecture that a low level of ionizing radiation (i.e., near the level of Earth's natural background radiation) helps "immunize" cells against DNA damage from other causes (such as free radicals or larger doses of ionizing radiation), and decreases the risk of cancer. The theory proposes that such low levels activate ...

  5. X-ray diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_diffraction

    Other forms of elastic X-ray scattering besides single-crystal diffraction include powder diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering and several types of X-ray fiber diffraction, which was used by Rosalind Franklin in determining the double-helix structure of DNA. In general, single-crystal X-ray diffraction offers more structural information ...

  6. Cancer screening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_screening

    The objective of cancer screening is to detect cancer before symptoms appear, involving various methods such as blood tests, urine tests, DNA tests, and medical imaging. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The purpose of screening is early cancer detection, to make the cancer easier to treat and extending life expectancy. [ 3 ]

  7. Minimal residual disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_residual_disease

    Sensitive molecular tests are either in development or available to test for MRD. These can measure minute levels of cancer cells in tissue samples, sometimes as low as one cancer cell in a million normal cells, either using DNA, RNA or proteins. MRD detection is strongly associated with cancer recurrence.

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