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Jain literature (Sanskrit: जैन साहित्य) refers to the literature of the Jain religion. It is a vast and ancient literary tradition, which was initially transmitted orally. The oldest surviving material is contained in the canonical Jain Agamas, which are written in Ardhamagadhi, a Prakrit (Middle-Indo Aryan) language.
The Ācārāṅga Sūtra, the foremost and oldest Jain text (First book c. 5th–4th century BCE; Second book c. Late 4th–2nd century BCE), [1] is the first of the twelve Angas, part of the agamas which were compiled based on the teachings of 24th Tirthankara Mahavira.
Jain doctrine – Causes of bondage, description of hells, destruction of karmas etc. Conduct of Monks – Injunctions and prohibitions, difficulties faced, avoiding temptation of women etc. Heretical Doctrines and errors – Materialists, Fatalists and other wrong beliefs
Bhadrabahu – last shrutkevali (knower of all Jain Agamas) and spiritual teacher of Emperor Chandragupta [1] [2]; Kundakunda – Jain scholar monk, 2nd century CE, composer of spirituals such as Samayasara, Niyamasara, Pancastikayasara, Pravacanasara, Atthapahuda and Barasanuvekkha [3]
The Shakta Agamas deploy Shiva and Shakti, and a unified view as the foundation for spiritual knowledge. The Shakta Agamas are commonly known as Tantras, [8] [9] and they are imbued with reverence for the feminine, representing goddess as the focus and treating the female as equal and essential part of the cosmic existence. [39]
Created Date: 8/30/2012 4:52:52 PM
Jain cosmology is the description of the shape and functioning of the Universe (loka) and its constituents (such as living beings, matter, space, time etc.) according to Jainism. Jain cosmology considers the universe as an uncreated entity that has existed since infinity with neither beginning nor end. [ 1 ]
Jnātadhārmakathāh is the sixth of the 12 Jain Angas said to be promulgated by Māhavīra himself. Jnātadhārmakathāh translated as "Stories of Knowledge and Righteousness" is said to have been composed by Ganadhara Sudharmaswami as per the Śvetāmbara tradition.