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Mensural notation is the musical notation system used for polyphonic European vocal music from the late 13th century until the early 17th century. The term "mensural" refers to the ability of this system to describe precisely measured rhythmic durations in terms of numerical proportions amongst note values.
Accent can refer to any stressed or emphasized note, such as sforzando.It was used to indicate an ornament until the 18th century. In German Baroque music it occurs in J. S. Bach's ornament tables as a stressed appoggiatura, indicated by a half circle or "C" in front of a note.
An example: Dieterich Buxtehude's O dulcis Jesu (BuxWV 83) in full score using tablature Keyboard tablature is a form of musical notation for keyboard instruments.Widely used in some parts of Europe from the 15th century, it co-existed with, and was eventually replaced by modern staff notation in the 18th century.
It is thought that Agostino Veneziano may have created a single replacement set of engravings for the images created by Giulio and Marcantonio in I modi. [1] There is one whole image as well as nine fragments cut from seven engravings that are in the British Museum, and it is thought that all of these images come from this replacement set of engravings by Agostino. [1]
Like the harpsichord, the virginals has its origins in the psaltery, to which a keyboard was applied, probably in the 15th century. The first mention of the word is in Paulus Paulirinus of Prague's (1413–1471) Tractatus de musica , of around 1460, where he writes: "The virginal is an instrument in the shape of a clavichord, having metal ...
Gordenker, Emilie E.S.: Van Dyck and the Representation of Dress in Seventeenth-Century Portraiture, Brepols, 2001, ISBN 978-2-503-50880-1; Payne, Blanche: History of Costume from the Ancient Egyptians to the Twentieth Century, Harper & Row, 1965. No ISBN for this edition; ASIN B0006BMNFS
Engraving was also used for the same types of images as woodcuts, notably devotional images and playing cards, but many seem to have been collected for keeping out of sight in an album or book, to judge by the excellent state of preservation of many pieces of paper over five hundred years old. [11] Master E. S., "Liebespaar auf der Rasenbank"
During the medieval period, Tiro's notation system was taught in European monasteries and expanded to a total of about 13,000 signs. [3] The use of Tironian notes lasted into the 17th century. A few Tironian signs are still used today. [4] [5]