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  2. Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol...

    Ethernet. The Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a network protocol for encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames inside Ethernet frames. It appeared in 1999, in the context of the boom of DSL as the solution for tunneling packets over the DSL connection to the ISP 's IP network, and from there to the rest of the Internet.

  3. Password Authentication Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_authentication...

    Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) is a password -based authentication protocol used by Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) to validate users. [1] PAP is specified in RFC 1334. Almost all network operating systems support PPP with PAP, as do most network access servers. PAP is also used in PPPoE, for authenticating DSL users.

  4. Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge-Handshake...

    Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol. In computing, the Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) is an authentication protocol originally used by Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) to validate users. CHAP is also carried in other authentication protocols such as RADIUS and Diameter. Almost all network operating systems support PPP ...

  5. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Tunneling...

    v. t. e. The Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is an obsolete method for implementing virtual private networks. PPTP has many well known security issues. PPTP uses a TCP control channel and a Generic Routing Encapsulation tunnel to encapsulate PPP packets. Many modern VPNs use various forms of UDP for this same functionality.

  6. Point-to-Point Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol

    Point-to-Point Protocol. Point-to-Point Protocol. In computer networking, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link layer (layer 2) communication protocol between two routers directly without any host or any other networking in between. [1] It can provide loop detection, authentication, transmission encryption, [2] and data compression.

  7. List of network protocols (OSI model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_network_protocols...

    Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers. 7. Application layer. 6. Presentation layer. 5. Session layer. 4. Transport layer.

  8. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer_2_Tunneling_Protocol

    Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol. In computer networking, Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) or as part of the delivery of services by ISPs. It uses encryption ('hiding') only for its own control messages (using an optional pre-shared secret), and does not provide any encryption ...

  9. A12 Authentication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A12_Authentication

    A12 Authentication (Access Authentication for 1xEV-DO) is a CHAP -based mechanism used by a CDMA2000 Access Network (AN) to authenticate a 1xEV-DO Access Terminal (AT). Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO, EVDO, etc.) is a telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for broadband Internet access.