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Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. [10] An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, and synchronized electrical discharge in the neurons. [1] The occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures defines epilepsy. [11]
Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a complex, rare, and severe childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome. It is characterized by multiple and concurrent seizure types including tonic seizure, cognitive dysfunction, and slow spike waves on electroencephalogram (EEG), which are very abnormal. [1] Typically, it presents in children aged 3–5 years and ...
Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), is onset of severe seizures (status epilepticus) following a febrile illness in someone who was previously healthy. [1] The seizures may initially be focal; however, often become tonic-clonic. [4] Complications often include intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and ongoing seizures ...
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), also known as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), is a rare condition in which parts of the brain are affected by swelling, usually as a result of an underlying cause. Someone with PRES may experience headaches, changes in vision, and seizures, with some developing other ...
Status epilepticus (SE), or status seizure, is a medical condition consisting of a single seizure lasting more than 5 minutes, or 2 or more seizures within a 5-minute period without the person returning to normal between them. [3][1] Previous definitions used a 30-minute time limit. [2] The seizures can be of the tonic–clonic type, with a ...
Neurology. Benign Rolandic epilepsy or self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (formerly benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS)) is the most common epilepsy syndrome in childhood. [1][2] Most children will outgrow the syndrome (it starts around the age of 3–13 with a peak around 8–9 years and stops around age ...
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), also known as subacute spongiform encephalopathy or neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. [4][1] Early symptoms include memory problems, behavioral changes, poor coordination, and visual disturbances. [4] Later symptoms include dementia, involuntary movements ...
Unverricht–Lundborg disease. Unverricht–Lundborg disease (abbreviated ULD or EPM1) is the most common form of an uncommon group of genetic epilepsy disorders called the progressive myoclonus epilepsies. [1] It is caused due to a mutation in the cystatin B gene (CSTB). [2] The disease is named after Heinrich Unverricht, who first described ...