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Most useful ATP analogs cannot be hydrolyzed as ATP would be; instead, they trap the enzyme in a structure closely related to the ATP-bound state. Adenosine 5′-(γ-thiotriphosphate) is an extremely common ATP analog in which one of the gamma-phosphate oxygens is replaced by a sulfur atom; this anion is hydrolyzed at a dramatically slower rate ...
The ATP generated in this process is made by substrate-level phosphorylation, which does not require oxygen. Fermentation is less efficient at using the energy from glucose: only 2 ATP are produced per glucose, compared to the 38 ATP per glucose nominally produced by aerobic respiration. Glycolytic ATP, however, is produced more quickly.
The squiggle notation was invented by Fritz Albert Lipmann, who first proposed ATP as the main energy transfer molecule of the cell, in 1941. [4] Lipmann's notation emphasizes the special nature of these bonds. [5] Stryer states: ATP is often called a high energy compound and its phosphoanhydride bonds are referred to as high-energy bonds.
Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. [1] This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to ...
Available-to-promise (ATP) is a business function that provides a response to customer order inquiries, based on resource availability. [1] It generates available quantities of the requested product, and delivery due dates. Therefore, ATP supports order promising and fulfillment, aiming to manage demand and match it to production plans.
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For these simple interest loans, the interest is determined based on the principal amount instead of the principal and interest combined. Simple interest example. Say you take out a five-year loan ...
Simple interest is the inverse of compound interest in that it separates your principal from any interest. It uses only your principal — with no compounding. This type of interest is common on ...