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"I. Russia, Poland and the Baltic, 1697–1721." Historical Journal 11.1 (1968): 3-34. Library of Congress, On Polish–Soviet relations in the early 1990s; Litauer, Stefan. "The Rôle of Poland between Germany and Russia." International Affairs (1935): 654-673. online; Małowist, Marian. "Poland, Russia and Western trade in the 15th and 16th ...
The history of Poland spans over a thousand years, from medieval tribes, Christianization and monarchy; through Poland's Golden Age, expansionism and becoming one of the largest European powers; to its collapse and partitions, two world wars, communism, and the restoration of democracy.
The Russification of Poland (Polish: rusyfikacja na ziemiach polskich; Russian: Русификация Польши, romanized: Rusifikacija Poljši) was an intense process, especially under Partitioned Poland, when the Russian state aimed to denationalise Poles via incremental enforcement of language, culture, the arts, the Orthodox religion and Russian practices.
This is a list of wars between Piast Poland and Kievan Rus', from the 10th to the 13th century. Polish victory Kievan Rus' victory Another result* *e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Piast Poland or Kievan Rus' in which the other intervened, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.
The first clashes between the two sides occurred in February 1919, but full-scale war did not break out until the following year. Especially at first, neither Soviet Russia, embroiled in the Russian Civil War, nor Poland, still in the early stages of state re-building, were in a position to formulate and pursue clear and consistent war aims.
Poland shares long eastern borders with Ukraine and with Russia's ally Belarus, and a frontier of some 200 km (125 miles) in its northeastern corner with the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad.
Poland, by recognising the puppet states of the USSR and simultaneously withdrawing recognition of the UPR (its only ally in the Polish-Bolshevik war), was in fact giving up on the federation programme, while Russia approved of the fact that the whole of Galicia, as well as the territories of the former Russian Empire, inhabited largely by non ...
Last week, Russia sent the United States a list of its demands for defusing the crisis: a binding promise that Ukraine will never become a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, plus ...