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The x-ray is taken PA (postero-antero), meaning that the patient faces towards the receiver and away from the x-rays source. The patients chin rests on the image receiver, which tilts the head up allowing the orbits to be clear of the internal structure of the Petrous ridge. This view is called Occipital-Mental or OM. [1] [2]
Method of obtaining Schuller's view. Schuller's view is a lateral radiographic view of skull principally used for viewing mastoid cells. [1] The central beam of X-rays passes from one side of the head and is at an angle of 25° caudad to the radiographic plate.
An x-ray beam is angled at 45° to the orbitomeatal line. The rays pass from behind the head and are perpendicular to the radiographic plate. Another variation of the waters places the orbitomeatal line at a 37° angle to the image receptor. It is named after the American radiologist Charles Alexander Waters.
Lateral cephalometric radiograph is a radiograph of the head taken with the x-ray beam perpendicular to the patient's sagittal plane. Natural head position is a standardized orientation of the head that is reproducible for each individual and is used as a means of standardization during analysis of dentofacial morphology both for photos and ...
Caldwell's view (or Occipitofrontal view) is a radiographic view of the skull where the X-ray plate is perpendicular to the orbitomeatal line. The rays pass from behind the head and are angled at 15-20° to the radiographic plate. It is commonly used to get better view of the ethmoid and frontal sinuses. [1]
Projectional radiography, also known as conventional radiography, [1] is a form of radiography and medical imaging that produces two-dimensional images by X-ray radiation.The image acquisition is generally performed by radiographers, and the images are often examined by radiologists.
For the Stenvers projection, a patient is placed facing the film, with the head flexed slightly and rotated 45 degrees away from the side being examined. [1] The X-ray beam will be angled 10 to 15 degrees caudal.
The X-ray tube head is aimed at right angles, both vertically and horizontally, to both the tooth and the image receptor. This positioning has the potential to satisfy four out of the five above requirements – the tooth and image receptor cannot be in contact whilst they are parallel.
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