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Rituximab, sold under the brand name Rituxan among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer. [18] It is used for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (in children and adults, but not recommended in elderly patients), rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ...
Rituximab: an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, which has the ability to kill B cells, be they normal or malignant; Etoposide : a topoisomerase inhibitor from the group of epipodophyllotoxins; Prednisolone : a glucocorticoid hormone that can cause apoptosis and lysis of both normal and malignant lymphocytes ;
Rituximab may be substituted for cyclophosphamide to induce remission since it is similarly effective and has a comparable side effect profile. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] The dose of corticosteroids is generally tapered (decreased) very slowly over the course of several months to reduce the risk of another GPA flare.
Hyper-CVAD chemotherapy is generally reserved for use in the treatment of serious and aggressive forms of hematological malignancy. There are serious side effects and complications arising from the administration of the various agents, which require careful management in an appropriate health-care setting.
Hairy cell leukemia is an uncommon hematological malignancy characterized by an accumulation of abnormal B lymphocytes. [1] The incidence of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is 0.28-0.30 cases per 100,000 people in Europe and the United States and the prevalence is 3 cases per 100,000 in Europe with a lower prevalence in Asia, Africa and the Middle East.
It can be used when there is little evidence of cancer present, but there is risk of recurrence. [6]: 55–59 It is also useful in killing any cancerous cells that have spread to other parts of the body. These micrometastases can be treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and can reduce relapse rates caused by these disseminated cells. [9]
More recently, the immunotherapy drug, rituximab has been added to the CHOP chemotherapy regiment to form the R-CHOP chemoimmunotherapy regimen. [2] Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the CD20 protein on, e.g. B-cells, and by doing so targets these cells for attack by the hosts adaptive immune system. [13]
In women, it includes structures such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, a uterus, and a vagina, while in men, it includes testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and the penis. Autoimmune diseases of the reproductive system can affect both male and female fertility and reproductive health.