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Both stages of TFCC tears are treatable with an arthroscopic intervention, although the degenerative stage is operated according to the "Arthroscopic wafer procedure". [3] In this procedure, the surgeon debrides the TFCC and a limited part of the ulnar head. If the patient has a Class 1 TFCC tear, a different arthroscopic technique is used.
Arthroscopic image of a central triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tear. X-ray: X-rays of the wrist are made in two directions: posterior-anterior (PA) and lateral. Radiographs are useful to diagnose or rule out possible bone fractures, a positive ulnar variance or osteoarthritis. The TFCC is not visible on an X-ray, regardless of its ...
There is an increased risk of interosseous intercarpal injury if the ulnar variance (the difference in height between the distal end of the ulna and the distal end of the radius) is more than 2mm and there is fracture into the wrist joint. [5] Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury occurs in 39% to 82% of cases.
In both tests, the patient is placed in a standing or sitting position, and the arms are raised parallel to the ground in the scapular plane. [2] The tests differ in the rotation of the arm; in the empty can test, the arm is rotated to full internal rotation (thumb down) and in the full can test, the arm is rotated to 45° external rotation, thumb up. [1]
Finkelstein's test was described by Harry Finkelstein (1865–1939), an American surgeon, in 1930. [5]A similar test was previously described by Eichhoff, in which the thumb is placed in the palm of the hand and held with the fingers, and the hand is then ulnar deviated (see images), causing intense pain over the radial styloid which disappears if the thumb is released.
Chondrocalcinosis can be visualized on projectional radiography, CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. [1] CT scans and MRIs show calcific masses (usually within the ligamentum flavum or joint capsule), however radiography is more successful. [1]
This is a difficult test to perform for an accurate diagnosis. [2] False positive findings can be the result of a rotator cuff tear, while pain in the superior glenohumeral region is a weak predictor of a SLAP tear. [4]
Waddell, et al. (1980) described five categories of signs: Tenderness tests: superficial and diffuse tenderness and/or nonanatomic tenderness; Simulation tests: these are based on movements which produce pain, without actually causing that movement, such as axial loading and pain on simulated rotation