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The Ishihara test is a color vision test for detection of red–green color deficiencies. It was named after its designer, Shinobu Ishihara, a professor at the University of Tokyo, who first published his tests in 1917. [2] The test consists of a number of Ishihara plates, which are a type of pseudoisochromatic plate.
An Ishihara test image as seen by subjects with normal color vision and by those with a variety of color deficiencies. A pseudoisochromatic plate (from Greek pseudo, meaning "false", iso, meaning "same" and chromo, meaning "color"), often abbreviated as PIP, is a style of standard exemplified by the Ishihara test, generally used for screening of color vision defects.
The commonly used Ishihara test is used to detect mainly congenital red-green color blindness, but its usefulness is limited in detecting acquired color vision deficiencies. [3] But City University test contains test plates that can be used to detect all types of color vision deficiencies. [ 4 ]
I assume some versions of the test have a numbered plate as plate #19, and others have a numberless "tracing plate". This article could use more detail about the tracing plates (which were only mentioned obliquely before today), and whether they were always a part of the Ishihara test, or added later.
Pakistan Railways: Website: www.pakrail.gov.pk: Route; Termini: Lahore Junction Rawalpindi: Stops: 6: Distance travelled: 290 km (180 mi) Average journey time: 5 hours: Service frequency: Daily: Train number(s) 101 UP (Lahore→Rawalpindi), 102 DN (Rawalpindi→Lahore) On-board services; Class(es) Economy Class AC Standard AC Business Parlour ...
To date, following qualifications are eligible for registration with General Medical Council (GMC) of the United Kingdom (UK) without any other exam: [4]. Anaesthesia; In addition, Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) recognizes this qualification for registration as a specialist, and in Saudi Arabia, as a consultant in any specialty.
Pakistan Railways The Green Line ( Urdu : سبز ایکسپریس ) is an express train operated daily by Pakistan Railways between Karachi and Islamabad . [ 1 ] It is the flagship rail of the organization and has the highest passage priority. [ 2 ]
Shalimar Express (Urdu: شالیمار ایکسپریس) is a passenger train operated daily by Pakistan Railways between Karachi and Lahore. [1] The trip takes approximately 18 hours and 40 minutes to cover a published distance of 1,286 kilometres (799 mi), traveling along a stretch of the Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line ,