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Fluid and crystallized intelligence are constructs originally conceptualized by Raymond Cattell. [2] The concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence were further developed by Cattell and his former student John L. Horn. [6] [7] [3] Most of the intelligence testing had mainly been focused on children, and young adults. Cattell and Horn ...
The Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory is an integration of two previously established theoretical models of intelligence: the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence (Gf-Gc) (Cattell, 1941; Horn 1965), and Carroll's three-stratum theory (1993), a hierarchical, three-stratum model of intelligence. Due to substantial similarities between the ...
In the cognitive abilities domain, Cattell researched a wide range of abilities, but is best known for the distinction between fluid and crystallized intelligence. [20] He distinguished between the abstract, adaptive, biologically-influenced cognitive abilities that he called "fluid intelligence" and the applied, experience-based and learning ...
Cattell proposed that general intelligence (g) comprises both fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc). [3] [4] Whereas Gf is biologically and constitutionally based, Gc is the actual level of a person's cognitive functioning, based on the augmentation of Gf through sociocultural and experiential learning (including formal ...
For his PhD research at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Horn identified other broad intellectual abilities to supplement fluid reasoning ability (g f) and crystallized ability (g c) postulated by his supervisor Raymond Cattell. As with Cattell, Horn rejected the existence of an even higher level factor of general intelligence ‘g ...
These cognitive abilities can be organized into frameworks like fluid vs. crystallized and the Unified Cattell-Horn-Carroll model, [4] which contains abilities like fluid reasoning, perceptual speed, verbal abilities, and others. Intelligence is different from learning. Learning refers to the act of retaining facts and information or abilities ...
The latter provides two theoretical bases, one of them in Luria (1966) [6] and by default, the 4 PASS processes) and the other in Cattell-Horn-Carroll model (CHC) which is essentially an elaboration of fluid and crystallized intelligence (McGrew 2005 [7]). Some may consider this a strength of KABC-II.
The degree to which intelligence test scores can be linked to genetic heritability increases with age. There is presently no explanation for this puzzling result, but flaws in the testing methods are suspected. A study of Dutch twins concludes that intelligence of 5 year olds is 26% heritable, while the test scores of 12-year-olds is 64% heritable.