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Polymyxin B works by breaking down the cytoplasmic membrane which generally results in bacterial cell death. [1] Polymyxin B was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964. [1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [5] It is available as a generic medication. [1]
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline class used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites. [1] It is used to treat bacterial pneumonia , acne , chlamydia infections , Lyme disease , cholera , typhus , and syphilis . [ 1 ]
Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Cefazolin: Ancef, Kefzol: Cephradine: Cephapirin: Cephalothin: Cefalexin: Keflex: Cephalosporins (Second generation) Cefaclor: Distaclor, Ceclor, Raniclor: Less Gram-positive cover, improved Gram-negative cover.
A colored electron microscopy image of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (), a bacterium commonly targeted by broad-spectrum antibioticsA broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, [1] or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria. [2]
It is relatively broad spectrum, being effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. [2] The combination is available over the counter in the US and Canada. [5] In 2021, it was the 376th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 25,000 prescriptions. [6]
Oxytetracycline, like other tetracyclines, is used to treat many infections, both common and rare.Its better absorption profile makes it preferable to tetracycline for moderately severe acne at a dosage of 250–500 mg four times a day for usually six to eight weeks at a time, but alternatives should be sought if no improvement occurs by three months.
Tetrahydrofolate is crucial in the synthesis of purines, thymidine, and methionine which are needed for the production of DNA and proteins [28] during bacterial replication. The effects of trimethoprim causes a backlog of dihydrofolate (DHF) and this backlog can work against the inhibitory effect the drug has on tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis.
The evolution of bacteria on a "Mega-Plate" petri dish A list of antibiotic resistant bacteria is provided below. These bacteria have shown antibiotic resistance (or antimicrobial resistance). Gram positive Clostridioides difficile Clostridioides difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that causes diarrheal disease worldwide. Diarrhea caused by C. difficile can be life-threatening. Infections are ...