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In the airline industry, available seats are commonly referred to as inventory. The inventory of an airline is generally classified into service classes (e.g. economy, premium economy, business or first class) and any number of fare classes, to which different prices and booking conditions may apply.
The system is managed by JR Systems since 1 April 1987 following the division and privatization of JNR. [2] Ticket offices at JR stations equipped with MARS terminals are called Midori-no-madoguchi (みどりの窓口, literally "green window"), selling tickets of all JR Group trains and partly highway buses and route buses and ferries. It is ...
While a mobile phone is compatible with an e-ticket, mobile ticketing is a distinct system. There are several methods of implementing a mobile ticketing system, with varying degrees of complexity and transparency depending on the underlying technology. Mobile tickets may lessen the potential for scalping (touting) and fraud. [6] [7]
The MARS-1 train ticket reservation system was designed and planned in the 1950s by the Japanese National Railways' R&D Institute, now the Railway Technical Research Institute, with the system eventually being produced by Hitachi in 1958. [6] It was the world's first seat reservation system for trains. [7]
E-tickets in the airline industry were devised in about 1994, [1] and have now largely replaced the older multi-layered paper ticketing systems. Since 1 June 2008, it has been mandatory for IATA members to use e-ticketing. Where paper tickets are still available, some airlines charge a fee for issuing paper tickets.
If no ticket is presented (i.e. the ticket is lost), generally the highest possible toll is charged. For this kind of system to work, toll plazas must be built and staffed at all entrances and exits to the toll road (hence the "closed" name). Most ticket-based toll roads today use an electronic toll collection system as an alternative. In this ...
This page was last edited on 23 October 2007, at 09:35 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
The former AFC barrier gates at Southern Cross station in the Melbourne Metcard AFC System. An automated fare collection (AFC) system is the collection of components that automate the ticketing system of a public transportation network – an automated version of manual fare collection. An AFC system is usually the basis for integrated ticketing.