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  2. Biofilm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm

    Biofilm destruction caused by the E. coli phage Rac and the P. aeruginosa prophage Pf4 causes detachment of cells from the biofilm. [171] Detachment is a biofilm phenomenon which requires more study, but is hypothesized to proliferate the bacterial species that comprise the biofilm.

  3. Extracellular polymeric substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_polymeric...

    EPSs are the construction material of bacterial settlements and either remain attached to the cell's outer surface, or are secreted into its growth medium. These compounds are important in biofilm formation and cells' attachment to surfaces. EPSs constitute 50% to 90% of a biofilm's total organic matter. [2] [4] [5]

  4. Filamentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filamentation

    The increased cell length can protect bacteria from protozoan predation and neutrophil phagocytosis by making ingestion of cells more difficult. [1] [3] [4] [5] Filamentation is also thought to protect bacteria from antibiotics, and is associated with other aspects of bacterial virulence such as biofilm formation. [6] [7]

  5. Quorum sensing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorum_sensing

    Quorum sensing (QS) is used by bacteria to form biofilms. Quorum sensing is used by bacteria to form biofilms because the process determines if the minimum number of bacteria necessary for biofilm formation are present. The criteria to form a biofilm is dependent on a certain density of bacteria rather than a certain number of bacteria being ...

  6. Escherichia coli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli

    The bacterial cell cycle is divided into three stages. The B period occurs between the completion of cell division and the beginning of DNA replication. The C period encompasses the time it takes to replicate the chromosomal DNA. The D period refers to the stage between the conclusion of DNA replication and the end of cell division. [30]

  7. Biofilm prevention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm_prevention

    Other than chemicals, enzymes have been used to degrade the biofilm matrix and eject biofilm cells forcibly. First shown in P. aeruginosa, a glycosyl hydrolase PslG can trigger biofilm disassembly by disrupting exopolysaccharide matrix in biofilms effectively and can be used in combination with antibiotics to kill the cells released from biofilms.

  8. Phototrophic biofilm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototrophic_biofilm

    The formation of biofilms is a complex process and is dependent upon the availability of light as well as the relationships between the microorganisms. Biofilms serve a variety of roles in aquatic, terrestrial, and extreme environments; these roles include functions which are both beneficial and detrimental to the environment.

  9. Lysogenic cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysogenic_cycle

    Lysogenic conversion has shown to enable biofilm formation in Bacillus anthracis. [16] Strains of B. anthracis cured of all phage were unable to form biofilms, which are surface-adhered bacterial communities that enable bacteria to better access nutrients and survive environmental stresses. [17]