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Exophoria. Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward. [1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another. [2] The axis deviation in exophoria is usually mild compared with that of exotropia.
The strength of the prism is increased until the streak of the light passes through the centre of the prism, as the strength of the prism indicates the amount of deviation present. The Maddox rod is a handheld instrument composed of red parallel plano convex cylinder lens , which refracts light rays so that a point source of light is seen as a ...
Fixation disparity is a tendency of the eyes to drift in the direction of the heterophoria.While the heterophoria refers to a fusion-free vergence state, the fixation disparity refers to a small misalignment of the visual axes when both eyes are open in an observer with normal fusion and binocular vision. [1]
The prism cover test (PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [ 1 ]
The prism fusion range (PFR) or fusional vergence amplitude is a clinical eye test performed by orthoptists, optometrists, and ophthalmologists to assess motor fusion, specifically the extent to which a patient can maintain binocular single vision (BSV) in the presence of increasing vergence demands. Motor fusion is largely accounted to ...
In a prism, the angle of deviation (δ) decreases with increase in the angle of incidence (i) up to a particular angle.This angle of incidence where the angle of deviation in a prism is minimum is called the minimum deviation position of the prism and that very deviation angle is known as the minimum angle of deviation (denoted by δ min, D λ, or D m).
The Franklin system is another Schauder basis for C([0, 1]), [12] and it is a Schauder basis in L p ([0, 1]) when 1 ≤ p < ∞. [13] Systems derived from the Franklin system give bases in the space C 1 ([0, 1] 2) of differentiable functions on the unit square. [14] The existence of a Schauder basis in C 1 ([0, 1] 2) was a question from Banach ...
Of particular interest are the quater-imaginary base (base 2i) and the base −1 ± i systems discussed below, both of which can be used to finitely represent the Gaussian integers without sign. Base −1 ± i , using digits 0 and 1 , was proposed by S. Khmelnik in 1964 [ 3 ] and Walter F. Penney in 1965.