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Allele frequency. Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage. [1] Specifically, it is the fraction of all chromosomes in the population that carry that allele over the total population or sample size.
Minor allele frequency. Minor allele frequency (MAF) is the frequency at which the second most common allele occurs in a given population. They play a surprising role in heritability since MAF variants which occur only once, known as "singletons", drive an enormous amount of selection. [1]
Genotype frequency in a population is the number of individuals with a given genotype divided by the total number of individuals in the population. [2] In population genetics, the genotype frequency is the frequency or proportion (i.e., 0 < f < 1) of genotypes in a population. Although allele and genotype frequencies are related, it is ...
Genetic distance. Genetic distance is a measure of the genetic divergence between species or between populations within a species, whether the distance measures time from common ancestor or degree of differentiation. [ 2 ] Populations with many similar alleles have small genetic distances.
Population structure (genetics) Population structure (also called genetic structure and population stratification) is the presence of a systematic difference in allele frequencies between subpopulations. In a randomly mating (or panmictic) population, allele frequencies are expected to be roughly similar between groups.
The General Selection Model applied to a single gene with two alleles (let's call them A1 and A2) is encapsulated by the equation: where: is the frequency of allele A1. is the frequency of allele A2. is the rate of evolutionary change of the frequency of allele A2. are the relative fitnesses of homozygous A1, heterozygous (A1A2), and homozygous ...
Gene polymorphism. Genes which control hair colour are polymorphic. A gene is said to be polymorphic if more than one allele occupies that gene's locus within a population. [1] In addition to having more than one allele at a specific locus, each allele must also occur in the population at a rate of at least 1% to generally be considered ...
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the process of determining the entirety, or nearly the entirety, of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time. [ 2 ] This entails sequencing all of an organism's chromosomal DNA as well as DNA contained in the mitochondria and, for plants, in the chloroplast.