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2. Homologous chromosome - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_chromosome

   Homologous chromosomes are made up of chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, for genes with the same corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's mother; the other is inherited from the organism's father. After mitosis occurs within the daughter cells, they ...

3. Chromosomal crossover - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_crossover

   Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes ' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes. It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination, which occurs in the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis during a process called ...

4. Homologous recombination - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_recombination

   Homologous recombination that occurs during DNA repair tends to result in non-crossover products, in effect restoring the damaged DNA molecule as it existed before the double-strand break. Homologous recombination is conserved across all three domains of life as well as DNA and RNA viruses , suggesting that it is a nearly universal biological ...

5. Genetic recombination - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_recombination

   Genetic recombination. A model of meiotic recombination, initiated by a double-strand break or gap, followed by pairing with an homologous chromosome and strand invasion to initiate the recombinational repair process. Repair of the gap can lead to crossover (CO) or non-crossover (NCO) of the flanking regions.

6. Meiosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis

   However, a subset of breaks (at least one per chromosome) form crossovers between non-sister (homologous) chromosomes resulting in the exchange of genetic information. [25] The exchange of information between the homologous chromatids results in a recombination of information; each chromosome has the complete set of information it had before ...

7. Sequence homology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_homology

   Bottom: in a separate species (E. coli), a gene has a similar function (histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein) but has a separate evolutionary origin and so is an analog. Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life.

8. Chromosome segregation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_segregation

   Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. This segregation process occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. Chromosome segregation also occurs in prokaryotes.

9. Holliday junction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holliday_junction

   The two pathways for homologous recombination in eukaryotes, showing the formation and resolution of Holliday junctions. The Holliday junction is a key intermediate in homologous recombination, a biological process that increases genetic diversity by shifting genes between two chromosomes, as well as site-specific recombination events involving integrases.