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  2. Percentage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

    In general, if an increase of x percent is followed by a decrease of x percent, and the initial amount was p, the final amount is p (1 + 0.01 x)(1 − 0.01 x) = p (1 − (0.01 x) 2); hence the net change is an overall decrease by x percent of x percent (the square of the original percent change when expressed as a decimal number).

  3. Odds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odds

    In order to generate a profit on the wagers accepted, the bookmaker may decide to increase the values to 60%, 50% and 20% for the three horses, respectively. This represents the odds against each, which are 46, 11 and 41, in order. These values now total 130%, meaning that the book has an overround of 30 (130−100). This value of 30 ...

  4. Percent sign - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent_sign

    English style guides prescribe writing the percent sign following the number without any space between (e.g. 50%). [sources 1] However, the International System of Units and ISO 31-0 standard prescribe a space between the number and percent sign, [8] [9] [10] in line with the general practice of using a non-breaking space between a numerical value and its corresponding unit of measurement.

  5. Fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction

    6 1 2 1 11 4 5 9. and would be written in modern notation as 61 / 4 ⁠, 11 / 5 ⁠, and 2 − ⁠ 1 / 9 ⁠ (i.e., 1 ⁠ 8 / 9 ⁠). The horizontal fraction bar is first attested in the work of Al-Hassār (fl. 1200), [35] a Muslim mathematician from Fez, Morocco, who specialized in Islamic inheritance jurisprudence.

  6. Percentile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentile

    Percentile. Statistic which divides a data set into 100 parts and analyzes it as a percentage. In statistics, a k-th percentile, also known as percentile score or centile, is a score below which a given percentage k of scores in its frequency distribution falls (" exclusive " definition) or a score at or below which a given percentage falls ...

  7. Ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio

    For example, the ratio 4:5 can be written as 1:1.25 (dividing both sides by 4) Alternatively, it can be written as 0.8:1 (dividing both sides by 5). Where the context makes the meaning clear, a ratio in this form is sometimes written without the 1 and the ratio symbol (:), though, mathematically, this makes it a factor or multiplier.

  8. One half - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_half

    One half is one of the few fractions which are commonly expressed in natural languages by suppletion rather than regular derivation. In English, for example, compare the compound "one half" with other regular formations like "one-sixth". A half can also be said to be one part of something divided into two equal parts.

  9. Percentage point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage_point

    A percentage point or percent point is the unit for the arithmetic difference between two percentages.For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points (although it is a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured, if the total amount remains the same). [1]