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In cryptography, a key encapsulation mechanism, or KEM, is a public-key cryptosystem that allows a sender to generate a short secret key and transmit it to a receiver securely, in spite of eavesdropping and intercepting adversaries. [1][2][3][4] A KEM allows a sender who knows a public key to simultaneously generate a short random secret key ...
Symmetric-key algorithm. Symmetric-key algorithms[ a ] are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical, or there may be a simple transformation to go between the two keys. [ 1 ] The keys, in practice, represent a shared secret ...
Speck is a family of lightweight block ciphers publicly released by the National Security Agency (NSA) in June 2013. [3] Speck has been optimized for performance in software implementations, while its sister algorithm, Simon, has been optimized for hardware implementations. Speck is an add–rotate–xor (ARX) cipher.
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys. Each key pair consists of a public key and a corresponding private key. [1][2] Key pairs are generated with cryptographic algorithms based on mathematical problems termed one-way functions.
Diffie–Hellman (DH) key exchange[ nb 1 ] is a mathematical method of securely generating a symmetric cryptographic key over a public channel and was one of the first public-key protocols as conceived by Ralph Merkle and named after Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman. [ 1 ][ 2 ] DH is one of the earliest practical examples of public key ...
A cryptographic hash function (CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of bits) that has special properties desirable for a cryptographic application: [ 1 ] the probability of a particular n {\displaystyle n} -bit output result (hash value) for a random input string ("message") is 2 − ...
AES-JS – portable JavaScript implementation of AES ECB and CTR modes. Forge – JavaScript implementations of AES in CBC, CTR, OFB, CFB, and GCM modes. asmCrypto – JavaScript implementation of popular cryptographic utilities with focus on performance. Supports CBC, CFB, CCM modes. pidCrypt – open source JavaScript library.
Ciphertext indistinguishability is a property of many encryption schemes. Intuitively, if a cryptosystem possesses the property of indistinguishability, then an adversary will be unable to distinguish pairs of ciphertexts based on the message they encrypt. The property of indistinguishability under chosen plaintext attack is considered a basic ...