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In modern medicine, phlegmon is mostly used descriptively in the fields of surgery/surgical pathology and medical imaging. The ultrasound and CT imaging findings of phlegmon are those of focal tissue edema, with no loculated fluid collection to suggest the formation of an abscess.
A computed tomography (CT) scan is the definitive diagnostic imaging test. [4] X-ray of the neck often (80% of the time) shows swelling of the retropharyngeal space in affected individuals. If the retropharyngeal space is more than half of the size of the C2 vertebra, it may indicate retropharyngeal abscess. [5]
CT with IV contrast showing enlargement and heterogeneous hypodensity in the right pectoralis major muscle. A focal abscess collection with gas within it is present medially. There are enlarged axillary lymph nodes and some extension into the right hemithorax. Note the soft tissue and phlegmon surrounding the right internal mammary artery and vein.
The final structure of the abscess is an abscess wall, or capsule, that is formed by the adjacent healthy cells in an attempt to keep the pus from infecting neighboring structures. However, such encapsulation tends to prevent immune cells from attacking bacteria in the pus, or from reaching the causative organism or foreign object. [26]
A peritonsillar abscess (PTA), also known as a quinsy, is an accumulation of pus due to an infection behind the tonsil. [2] Symptoms include fever, throat pain, trouble opening the mouth, and a change to the voice. [1] Pain is usually worse on one side. [1] Complications may include blockage of the airway or aspiration pneumonitis. [1]
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Ludwig's angina (Latin: Angina ludovici) is a type of severe cellulitis involving the floor of the mouth [2] and is often caused by bacterial sources. [1] Early in the infection, the floor of the mouth raises due to swelling, leading to difficulty swallowing saliva.