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BAT is the only FDA-approved product available for treating botulism in adults, and for botulism in infants caused by botulinum toxins other than types A and B. BAT has been used to treat a case of type F infant botulism and, on a case-by-case basis, may be used for future cases of non-type A and non-type B infant botulism.
Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [24] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction , thus causing flaccid paralysis . [ 25 ]
Allergan plc is an American, Irish-domiciled pharmaceutical company that acquires, develops, manufactures and markets brand name drugs and medical devices in the areas of medical aesthetics, eye care, central nervous system, and gastroenterology. [1] [2] [3] The company is the maker of Botox. [1]
This generally only occurs with inappropriate strengths of botulinum toxin for cosmetic use or due to the larger doses used to treat movement disorders. [2] However, there are cases where an off-label use of botulinum toxin resulted in severe botulism and death. [25] Following a 2008 review the FDA added these concerns as a boxed warning. [26]
Along with some strains of Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii, these bacteria all produce the toxin. [2] Botulinum toxin can cause botulism, a severe flaccid paralytic disease in humans and other animals, [3] and is the most potent toxin known to science, natural or synthetic, with a lethal dose of 1.3–2.1 ng/kg in humans. [4] [5]
In November 2021, Galderma bought California-based Alastin, a firm specialising in specialist skincare products, for an undisclosed price. [5] [12] In June 2022, Galderma announced positive results in two Phase III trials for liquid botulinum toxin A, showing RelabotulinumtoxinA was well tolerated.
Clostridioides difficile toxin A; Clostridioides difficile toxin B; Clostridium botulinum C3 toxin; Clostridium enterotoxin; Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin; Clostridium perfringens beta toxin; Colibactin; Coronatine; Cry1Ac; Cry6Aa; Cry34Ab1; Cryptophycin; Cytotoxin K
Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme is a toxin that causes the addition of one or more ADP-ribose moieties to Rho-like proteins. Many bacterial toxins nucleotide-binding modify by ADP-ribosylation proteins involved in essential cell functions, leading to their toxic effects.