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  2. Nominal Pipe Size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_Pipe_Size

    Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...

  3. Iron pipe size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_pipe_size

    In 1948, the DIPS came into effect, when greater control of a pipe's wall thickness was possible. CTS diameter always specifies the outside diameter (OD) of a tube, where pipe diameter specifications only approximate the pipe inside diameter (ID) for sizes of 12 inch or less, and STD wall thickness.

  4. Maximum allowable operating pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_allowable...

    For pipelines, this value is derived from Barlow's Formula, which takes into account wall thickness, diameter, allowable stress (which is a function of the material used), and a safety factor. The MAOP is less than the MAWP ( maximum allowable working pressure ).

  5. Darcy friction factor formulae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy_friction_factor_formulae

    The Reynolds number Re is taken to be Re = V D / ν, where V is the mean velocity of fluid flow, D is the pipe diameter, and where ν is the kinematic viscosity μ / ρ, with μ the fluid's Dynamic viscosity, and ρ the fluid's density. The pipe's relative roughness ε / D, where ε is the pipe's effective roughness height and D the pipe ...

  6. Ergun equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergun_equation

    is the equivalent spherical diameter of the packing, is the density of fluid, is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, is the superficial velocity (i.e. the velocity that the fluid would have through the empty tube at the same volumetric flow rate),

  7. Parshall flume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parshall_flume

    Submergence transitions for Parshall flumes range from 50% (1–3-inch sizes) to 80% (10–50-foot sizes), [12] beyond which point level measurements must be taken at both the primary and secondary points of measurement, and a submergence correction must be applied to the flow equations. The secondary point of measurement (Hb) for a Parshall ...

  8. Friction loss - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction_loss

    Note that the value of this dimensionless factor depends on the pipe diameter D and the roughness of the pipe surface ε. Furthermore, it varies as well with the flow velocity V and on the physical properties of the fluid (usually cast together into the Reynolds number Re). Thus, the friction loss is not precisely proportional to the flow ...

  9. Hardy Cross method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy_Cross_method

    The Hardy Cross method can be used to calculate the flow distribution in a pipe network. Consider the example of a simple pipe flow network shown at the right. For this example, the in and out flows will be 10 liters per second. We will consider n to be 2, and the head loss per unit flow r, and initial flow guess for each pipe as follows:

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