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An anterior cruciate ligament injury occurs when the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is either stretched, partially torn, or completely torn. [1] The most common injury is a complete tear. [ 1 ] Symptoms include pain, an audible cracking sound during injury, instability of the knee, and joint swelling . [ 1 ]
The ACL has mechanoreceptors that detect changes in direction of movement, position of the knee joint, and changes in acceleration, speed, and tension. [7] A key factor in instability after ACL injuries is having altered neuromuscular function secondary to diminished somatosensory information. [7]
The unhappy triad, also known as a blown knee among other names, is an injury to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and meniscus.Analysis during the 1990s indicated that this 'classic' O'Donoghue triad is actually an unusual clinical entity among athletes with knee injuries.
ACL injuries can be categorized into groups- contact and non-contact based on the nature of the injury [6] Contact injuries occur when a person or object come into contact with the knee causing the ligament to tear. However, non-contact tears typically occur during the following movements: decelerating, cutting, or landing from a jump.
Take the shoulder for example. The most common treatment method for a dislocation of the shoulder joint is exercise based management. [33] For shoulder instability, the therapeutic program depends on specific characteristics of the instability pattern, severity, recurrence and direction with adaptations made based on the needs of the patient.
Stifle injuries are one of the most common causes of lameness in rear limbs in dogs, and cruciate ligament injuries are the most common lesion in the stifle joint. A rupture of the cruciate ligament usually involves a rear leg to suddenly become so sore that the dog can barely bear weight on it. [7] How a rupture can occur:
Luxating patella cannot be present without the knee being loose, but a loose knee is not necessarily slipping out of the joint. Even with luxating patella, symptoms such as intermittent limping in the rear leg might be mild or absent. Physical examination and manual manipulation are the preferred methods for diagnosis.
The most common symptoms in impingement syndrome are pain, weakness and a loss of movement at the affected shoulder. [2] The pain is often worsened by shoulder overhead movement and may occur at night, especially when lying on the affected shoulder. The onset of the pain may be acute if due to an injury or insidious if due to a gradual process ...